The pancreas is an oblong flattened gland, approximately six inches long and located deep in the abdomen. It lies sandwiched between the spine and stomach. The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen and is connected to the duodenum. The narrow end of the pancreas, called the tail, extends to the left side of the body. The deep of location that makes the diagnosis of the pancreas disease become difficult.
Pancreas location
The pancreas is a part of digestive system, it function is essential in two ways: producing digestive juice and blood sugar regulated hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
With appropriate cells staining, it can distinguish that pancreas containing two main different type of tissue, first clusters of cells called as islets of langerhans, which produce hormones that underline the endocrine functions of the pancreas, and the second clusters are acinar cells, it belong to the exocrine function that produce digestive enzymes into the gut via system of duct.
As described above, the pancreas have two main functions, there are:
Endocrine. The part of the pancreas with endocrine function is made up of millions of islets langerhans cell clusters. There are four main cell types including to these islet, alpha cells that secreted glucagon (increase Glucose in blood), beta cells secreted insulin (decrease Glucose in blood), delta cells secreted somatostatin hormone (regulate alpha and beta cells) and the last, PP cells secreted pancreatic polypeptide.
Pancreas in detail
Exocrine. The exocrine pancreas produces digestive enzymes and alkaline fluid, together makes pancreatic juice, and secreted them into the small intestine trough exocrine duct. Including to the digestive enzymes are pancreatic lipase (degrades fat), pancreatic amylase (degrades carbohydrates), trypsin (protease that cleaves proteins at the basic amino acids) and chemotrypsin (protease that cleaves proteins at the aromatic amino acids). All of enzymes are produced and secreted by acinar cells. Specific cells called centroacinar cells that line the pancreatic duct, secrete a bicarbonate and salt rich solution into the small intestine.
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